Use of Technology in Criminal Trials: A Comparative Analysis of India and the United States

Abstract

This study examines the influence of technology on criminal trials in India and the United States, focusing on tools such as artificial intelligence, digital evidence, and virtual courtrooms. It traces the journey from traditional paper-based systems to modern digital platforms that accelerate and improve trial execution and accuracy. New laws in India, such as the Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita and Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, reflect this shift by addressing digital evidence and AI use. Similarly, the US has updated its rules to handle electronic data and AIgenerated information during trials. Despite these advancements, both countries face challenges, including ensuring the fairness of AI tools, protecting data privacy, and bridging the digital divide so everyone can access these technologies. The study compares legal frameworks, highlighting how India’s clear statutes contrast with the US’s more flexible case-based approach.